BIOGEEK本文原文链接为：http://www.nmnchina.com/scienceDetail/1.html 感谢原作者辛苦整理，吴超有稍作编辑。
《Cell》和《Nature》上的大量研究发现：NMN能有效延缓衰老引起的各种问题。哈佛医学院的研究发现NMN逆转了衰老，因此NMN又被称为长生不老药。事实上这种物质是人体固有的，一些水果和蔬菜也富含。
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NMN是烟酰胺单核苷酸Nicotinamide mononucleotide的简称，分子量334.2192，它是人体内固有的物质，也富含在一些水果和蔬菜中。在人体中NMN是NAD+的前体，其功能是通过NAD+体现。
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NMN分子结构
NMN词典
中文名称：beta-烟酰胺单核苷酸
中文别名：β-烟酰胺单核苷酸; 烟酰胺核苷酸
英文名称：beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide
CAS号：1094-61-7
EINECS号：214-136-5
分子式：C11H15N2O8P
分子量：334.2192
InChI：InChI=1/C11H15N2O8P/c12-10(16)6-2-1-3-13(4-6)11-9(15)8(14)7(21-11)5-20-22(17,18)19/h1-4,7-9,11,14-15H,5H2,(H3-,12,16,17,18,19)/t7-,8-,9-,11-/m1/s1
性质描述：其外观呈冷冻干燥粉末状，溶于水。
NMN是NAD+的前体
NAD+又叫辅酶Ⅰ，全称烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸，又称二磷酸烟苷，存在每一个细胞中参与上千项反应。NAD+是三羧酸循环的重要辅酶，促进糖、脂肪、氨基酸的代谢，参与能量的合成；NAD+又是辅酶I消耗酶的唯一底物（DNA修复酶PARP的唯一底物、长寿蛋白Sirtuins的唯一底物、环ADP核糖合成酶CD38/157的唯一底物）。
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NAD+对人体的主要影响
富含NMN的食物
根据FDA的等效原则，一个70Kg的成年人每天应补充600mg的NMN，一个成年人补充同等量的NMN，则需要吃掉32128kg的毛豆，或者54240kg的西兰花。而且这还是在保证完全吸收的情况下，这显然是不现实的，补充非食物来源的NMN显得尤为重要。
NMN在人体内的代谢途径
NAD+早在1904年发现并命名，其功能被持续发现，围绕NAD+的研究诞生了六位诺贝尔奖得主，所以NAD+有叫诺加因子。
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4.1，Preiss-Handler途径
4.2，从头合成途径
4.3，补救合成途径
NAD+水平随着年龄降低
NAD+对人体健康发挥着根本性的影响，但是随着年龄的增长NAD+在人体内的含量逐渐降低，线粒体和细胞核之间的交流受损，NAD+的减少也损害了细胞产生能量的能力，从而导致衰老和疾病，这也可能是我们变老的原因。（3）
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NAD+的降低带来一系列健康问题
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NAD+补充方式
6.1 NAD+补充方式比较
6.2 NR和NMN补充NAD+的方式比较
口服的NR在体内被消化成NAM，依然没能改变补救合成途径限速酶NAMPT的限制，补充NAD+的能力有限。综上所述，补充NMN是补充NAD+直接，有效的手段。
NMN是补充NMN有效的方式
7.1，NMN是补充NAD+直接的方式
7.2，NMN无任何副作用
7.3，NMN可以被迅速吸收
NMN对健康的重要影响
8.1，物质和能量代谢
8.2， 预防年龄相关的生理衰退
8.2.1， DNA修复酶
8.2.2， 环ADP核糖合成酶
8.2.3，去乙酰化酶
8.3， 改善2型糖尿病
8.4，预防神经退行性疾病（帕金森、老年痴呆症）
8.5， NMN功效概览
引用文献
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